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Traceroute maps out every network hop between your computer and a destination server, showing exactly where along the way delays or failures occur.
Running It
On most systems, traceroute example.com (or tracert on Windows) shows a numbered list of every router your connection passes through, along with the time each hop takes.
Reading the Results
A sudden jump in response time at a specific hop, or a hop that times out entirely, points to roughly where a network problem is occurring — useful information whether the issue is your ISP, an intermediate network, or the destination server itself.
Its Limits
Traceroute shows the path, not necessarily the cause — some routers deliberately deprioritize traceroute traffic, which can look like a problem that isn't actually affecting real traffic.
