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File permissions control who can read, write, or execute a file — represented on Linux servers by numbers like 644 or 755.
Reading the Numbers
Each digit represents owner, group, and public access respectively, with 7 meaning full access and lower numbers restricting it — 644 means the owner can read/write while everyone else can only read.
Standard Settings
Files are typically set to 644 and folders to 755. Going higher than necessary (like 777) creates a real security risk by allowing anyone to modify files.
